Common applications for diffraction gratings include: When selecting a material for diffraction gratings, it is crucial to consider the requirements of your application. Commonly utilized reflective materials for these coatings include: These coatings control the reflected wavelengths, helping prevent reflected waves from interfering with diffraction readings. Several coating options, often referred to as “high-efficiency reflective coatings” may also be applied to the grating. Ceramic materials such as silicon carbide and aluminum nitride offer a low coefficient of thermal expansion and are lightweight. This low-expansion glass material offers excellent resistance to temperature changes and environmental factors. This glass material features excellent chemical resistance and high thermal stability, making it ideal for use in extreme environments. Fused silica diffraction gratings are ideal for applications exposed to extreme temperatures and other harsh conditions. Fused silica is a noncrystalline glass material that features extreme transparency, hardness, and temperature resistance. Holographic gratings offer high efficiency and great wavefront flatness for a single polarization plane.ĭiffraction gratings are manufactured from a variety of materials, including but not limited to: This type of grating is optically created by recording an interference pattern onto a photoresist coated substrate. Dual-blaze gratings are characterized by two sets of grooves on the substrate, which broaden and provide greater efficiency over the wavelength response band. The groove tiers are deeper than traditional gratings but still intersect at right angles, which allows diffracted light to be dispersed in a series of overlapping orders. Echelle gratings are a special type of blazed grating with a lower groove density. Unlike reflection gratings which use a reflective coating, light passes directly through the material in which the transmission grating was etched, allowing for relatively low polarization sensitivity. When using a reflection grating, the light reflects off the ruled surface at various angles which correspond to different wavelengths and orders. Reflective gratings are typically created by depositing a metal coating onto the etched optical substrate. This etching is done on a clear substrate in a repetitive, parallel structure. Ruled gratings are fabricated by cutting or scratching parallel lines or grooves into a polished substrate, which is used to divide light and provide a clear separation of wavelengths. The main types of diffraction gratings include: These optical devices are used to disperse light into a series of spectra, separating wavelengths based on the angle in which they emerge. Diffraction gratings are glass substrates that feature a layer of deposited aluminum that has been pressure-ruled using a diamond edge to create several fine equidistant grooves.
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